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Medios pueden apoyar la erradicación de violencia contra las mujeres

| Martes 27 de Noviembre, 2018

El pasado 25 de noviembre se conmemoró el Día Internacional de la no violencia contra las mujeres, con el objetivo de eliminar todo aquel tipo de violencia que afecta al género femenino.

Los medios de comunicación juegan un papel importante en la sociedad, por ende, debe de optar por diferentes estrategias para evitar difundir información que provoque la violencia contra las mujeres.

“Los medios de comunicación tienen un gran potencial de cambio social, es necesario sensibilizar y capacitar en temas de igualdad, inclusión social y derechos humanos, a las personas vinculadas a estos espacios, para que rompan con la reproducción de ideas estereotipadas acerca de la mujer y contribuyan con la construcción de un mundo más justo e igualitario”, comentó la doctora Maria Preinfalk Fernández, catedrática del Instituto de Estudios de la Mujer.

De acuerdo con expertas consultadas, la idea que tenemos de la realidad depende mucho de la forma en que las noticias, las opiniones, los reportajes, los documentales o simplemente los contenidos de entretenimiento nos cuentan las cosas.

“Utilizar expresiones como lío pasional en noticias sobre violencia de género es dañino y estigmatizador, porque tiende a justificar la agresión y hasta el asesinato bajo el supuesto de quien lo comete lo hace movido por la pasión y celos, minimizando la gravedad del asunto”, comentó Yanancy Noguera Calderón, directora del programa Punto y Aparte.

Agregó que los medios fallan en ir a la raíz de los problemas, lo cual no es exclusivo de la cobertura de femicidios. En general, las noticias de sucesos en Costa Rica se dedican a “contar muertos” y no a explicar los hechos que llevan a esas muertes.

Preinfalk Fernández también hace referencia al mal tratamiento de la información.

“Usualmente lo que se trasmite reproduce estereotipos sexistas, que construyen una representación de lo que deben ser las mujeres, qué deben hacer, los roles que deben asumir en la sociedad, contribuyendo a perpetuar la discriminación de género.”

Las noticias no tienen un correcto tratamiento cuando se trata del género femenino, porque deja a un lado la realidad que viven las mujeres en la sociedad y reproduce estereotipos en los que se justifica al agresor y las víctimas son tratadas como objetos o culpas asumidas.

Ivannia Arias Zúñiga, vocera del  Instituto Nacional de la Mujer (INAMU), dijo que los medios “presentan la información como si se tratara de una tragedia individual o personal, omitiendo brindar información sobre las causas de estos tipos de violencia y el impacto que tienen para las víctimas; lo que contribuye a ocultar que estas formas de violencia representan una grave violación a los derechos humanos de las mujeres, y, por tanto, un problema social al cual el Estado y la sociedad, en su conjunto, deben de responder.”

Los medios de comunicación provocan que muchas personas justifiquen, aún sin darse cuenta, los casos de violencia de género que aparecen en la prensa, ya que a menudo buscan los supuestos motivos o causas que desencadenaron el crimen, lo que lleva a las personas a intentar encontrar una razón a un hecho que debería de ser, en cualquier caso, injustificable.

Para Noguera, “los periodistas en ocasiones reproducen parte de los problemas que tiene la sociedad en el reconocimiento de los derechos de las mujeres. Esto no tiene que ver, necesariamente, con lo que se ha dado por llamar lenguaje inclusivo. Tiene que ver más con la reproducción de estereotipos que la sociedad tiene sobre la mujer.”

El abordaje periodístico que se le da al género femenino en los medios masivos expone diferentes formas de violencia contra la mujer, de acuerdo con las especialistas.

“Una forma de violencia hacia las mujeres presente en los medios es la omisión; en las informaciones referidas a las mujeres usualmente se destacan aspectos relacionados con su rol de madre o aspectos superficiales, como su físico, su forma de vestir, si es la novia o esposa de, pero no sus cualidades, sus méritos, su formación, su experiencia y lo que tuvo que superar para llegar donde se encuentra” expresó Preinfalk.

Según la experta, los medios de comunicación deben asumir con responsabilidad esa gran influencia e impulsar el empoderamiento de las mujeres, cambiando la forma en que muchas veces se representa a las mujeres, limitándolas con frecuencia a ciertos espacios y labores, y eliminándolas de las esferas de influencia y liderazgo.

 

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