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Costa Rica trabaja en la prevención del ingreso de plagas agrícolas

| Lunes 4 de Febrero, 2019

El Servicio Fitosanitario del Estado (SFE) del Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería, en conjunto con el Organismo Internacional Regional de Sanidad Agropecuaria (OIRSA), trabajan en acciones concretas en campo para la prevención del ingreso de plagas agrícolas que tendrían gran impacto negativo para el país. 

Esta semana se realizó un taller in situ en Liberia, sobre virosis en sandía y melón; mientras, en San José, se trabajó en la preparación de un simulacro que se realizará en los próximos meses, en forma preventiva, como si se detectara un caso de FOC R4T en musáceas (banano, plátano, etc.). Ninguna de estas plagas está presente en el país, el FOC R4T ni siquiera ha ingresado al continente.

“Nuestro principal objetivo es proteger el estatus fitosanitario del país.  Debemos estar preparados y trabajar en la prevención del ingreso de plagas que puedan afectar nuestros cultivos. Cuando una plaga ingresa al país vamos a tener costos económicos, ambientales, filogenéticos, comerciales, e incluso sociales y económicos” indicó Fernando Araya, Director del SFE. 

Por su parte, la Representante de OIRSA en Costa Rica, Ana Gabriela Zuñiga Valerín, mencionó que “el Organismo Internacional Regional de Sanidad Agropecuaria apoya los esfuerzos de las autoridades nacionales en la prevención, control o erradicación de las principales plagas de interés cuarentenario o de impacto económico.”

Según los datos de CORBANA, el 1% del territorio nacional está sembrado con banano, lo que genera 40.000 empleos directos y 100.000 indirectos. Según PROCOMER, en el 2018 se exportaron alrededor de $981 millones. Las cifras de exportación de melón rondaron los $60 millones y de sandía $23 millones.

 

Fusariosis o marchitez del banano, conocido como FOC R4T

El experto y Director Regional de Sanidad Vegetal del OIRSA, Carlos Urías Morales; en conjunto con la representante del OIRSA en Costa Rica, Ana Gabriela Zúñiga Valerín, técnicos del SFE y CORBANA se reunieron para organizar un simulacro de detección de FOC R4T en caso de que apareciera un brote de éste.  Esta enfermedad es un hongo que ataca a las musáceas (banano, plátano, etc.) cuyo ingreso pondría en riesgo toda la producción de banano en el país, por lo que es importante evaluar y mejorar las medidas que se recomiendan, como, por ejemplo, evitar la introducción de materiales vegetativos hospederos de países donde se encuentra el patógeno, 

El SFE concentra sus esfuerzos en capacitación, divulgación, talleres, simulacros para su personal técnico y para las fincas productoras; así como la implementación de medidas fitosanitarias de restricción o prohibición de la entrada al país de ciertos materiales que representan alto riesgo como la turba, fibra de coco y suvenires de fibras naturales –por mencionar algunos de los artículos regulados- que vengan de los países donde está presente la plaga.

“La participación proactiva y constante de CORBANA en este tema, desde hace varios años, ha sido vital en la preparación del país para prevenir la entrada del FOC RT4. Es una institución referente a nivel internacional en la investigación de banano y plátano”, indicó Araya.

Por otra parte, Urías Morales señaló que “la protección fitosanitaria de los países en la región debe ser coordinada, ya que cuando una plaga ingresa a la zona, es mucho más difícil detener su avance. Sabemos que las repercusiones de la presencia de una plaga como el FOC R4T serían nefastas y no solo para la región, sino para todo el continente, por lo que debemos desarrollar acciones conjuntas y en forma articulada, tanto con los países de la región del OIRSA, como con todos los países latinoamericanos productores de banano y plátano”.

La altísima capacidad del hongo para sobrevivir, dispersarse y permanecer en superficies por un largo tiempo, aunado a las altas pérdidas que puede causar en una plantación (se estiman en más de 80%) es lo que ha motivado a las autoridades nacionales y a la empresa privada a unir esfuerzos durante ya casi cinco años, trabajando en medidas de prevención y talleres informativos. El simulacro a realizar es una prueba de la capacidad de reacción de las autoridades ante la aparición de un caso de sospecha de la presencia de la plaga que se trata como a un agente de riesgo biológico.

 

Virosis, riesgo para el melón y la sandía

Así mismo, se analizaron los riesgos y medidas fitosanitarias a tomar ante el riesgo de epidemias por virosis que afecta principalmente a la sandía y en menor medida al melón.  Para esta evaluación los expertos se desplazaron a Liberia donde se realizó una sesión informativa en la que participaron miembros de la Cámara de Meloneros, representantes de las empresas productoras y técnicos del sector agropecuario. Tener capacidad de diagnóstico, sembrar semilla sana, eliminar maleza portadora de virus, tener variedades tolerantes, control biológico y otras estrategias son importantes para minimizar los daños de estas enfermedades en caso de presentarse.

El OIRSA apoya el trabajo de los países de la región en forma integral para evitar el ingreso de plagas agropecuarias que puedan afectar a los países, ya que, por su cercanía geográfica y el intercambio comercial terrestre, necesariamente deben integrar sus acciones para obtener resultados significativos. 

Susana Hütt Herrera

Comunicación y Prensa SFE

[email protected]

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